Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo zothamanga kwambiri

Chida chachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chimakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zofunika:Imodzi ndi carbide yachitsulo (tungsten carbide, molybdenum carbide kapena vanadium carbide), yomwe imapatsa chidacho kukana kuvala bwino;Chachiwiri ndi matrix achitsulo omwe amagawidwa mozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidacho chikhale cholimba kwambiri komanso kuti chizitha kuyamwa mphamvu ndikuletsa kugawanika.
Zimapezeka kuti kukula kwa tirigu wachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri kumakhudza kwambiri zinthu zazitsulo zothamanga kwambiri.Ngakhale kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono muzitsulo kumatha kusintha kukana kwa zinthuzo, ndikuwonjezeka kwa aloyi, kukula kwa carbide ndi kuchuluka kwa ma agglomerates kudzawonjezeka, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri kulimba. zachitsulo, chifukwa magulu akuluakulu a carbide posachedwa atha kukhala poyambira ming'alu.Chifukwa chake, mayiko akunja achita kafukufuku molawirira kwambiri kuti atsatire mbewu yabwino yachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, njira yopangira zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri idapangidwa bwino ku Sweden ndipo idalowa msika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970.Njirayi imatha kuwonjezera zinthu zambiri za aloyi muzitsulo zothamanga kwambiri popanda kuwononga mphamvu, kulimba kapena kugaya kwa zinthuzo, kuti chida chokhala ndi kuuma kwakukulu, kukana kuvala kwambiri, chikhoza kuyamwa kugunda, ndipo ndichoyenera kuwongolera kwambiri. ndi kudula kwapakatikati kungapangidwe.Komabe, imaphatikiza kulimba kwabwino kwachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa carbide yomangidwa.Chifukwa chabwino ndi yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kwa carbide particles mu ufa zitsulo mkulu-liwiro zitsulo, mphamvu zake ndi toughness kwambiri bwino poyerekeza ndi wamba mkulu-liwiro zitsulo ndi zomwe zili carbide.Ndi mwayi uwu, zida zachitsulo zopangira zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri ndizoyenera kwambiri pamisonkhano yamachining yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yodulira komanso kuchotsera zitsulo zambiri (monga kudula flexure, kudula kwapakatikati, etc.).Komanso, chifukwa mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zitsulo ufa mkulu-liwiro zitsulo sizidzafooketsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka zitsulo carbide okhutira, opanga zitsulo akhoza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu aloyi zitsulo zitsulo kusintha ntchito zipangizo zida.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa chuma cha tungsten (W) ndi zipangizo zamakono, ndipo ma carbides amakono opangidwa ndi simenti amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zambiri za tungsten, chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chakhala chitsogozo cha kufufuza ndi chitukuko chachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri.Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chokhala ndi cobalt (HSS-Co) chapangidwa mochuluka m'mayiko akunja.Pambuyo pake, zidadziwika padziko lonse lapansi kuti chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chokhala ndi cobalt chokhala ndi cobalt wopitilira 2% chinali chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri (HSSE).Cobalt imagwiranso ntchito yodziwikiratu pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito achitsulo chothamanga kwambiri.Itha kulimbikitsa ma carbides kuti asungunuke kwambiri mu matrix panthawi yozimitsa ndi kutentha, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kulimba kwa matrix kuti athandizire kukana kuvala.Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri chimakhala ndi kuuma kwabwino, kuuma kwamafuta, kukana kuvala ndi kugaya.Cobalt zili mu ochiritsira cobalt mkulu-liwiro zitsulo padziko lapansi nthawi zambiri 5% ndi 8%.Mwachitsanzo, W2Mo9Cr4VCo8 (mtundu waku America M42) umadziwika ndi zinthu zochepa za vanadium (1%), kuchuluka kwa cobalt (8%) ndi kuuma kwa kutentha kwa 67-70HRC.Komabe, njira zapadera zochizira kutentha zimatengeranso kupeza kuuma kwa 67-68HRC, komwe kumapangitsa kuti ntchito yake ikhale yabwino (makamaka kudula kwapakatikati) ndikuwongolera kulimba kwake.Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri cha Cobalt chikhoza kupangidwa kukhala zida zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito podula zipangizo zovuta ku makina ndi zotsatira zabwino.Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino yopera, imatha kupangidwa kukhala zida zovuta, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Komabe, China ilibe chuma cha cobalt, ndipo mtengo wazitsulo zothamanga kwambiri za cobalt ndi wokwera mtengo, pafupifupi nthawi 5-8 kuposa zitsulo wamba zothamanga kwambiri.